Uganda’s reliance on inland waterways like Lake Victoria and the River Nile for transport, trade, and tourism is undermined by one of the world’s highest drowning rates, particularly in fishing communities. Key challenges include outdated legal frameworks, poor vessel maintenance, limited access to life jackets, and weak enforcement. Global best practices highlight the need for adaptive, context-specific safety measures, as seen in successful community-based programs in Tanzania and Kenya. To improve water safety, Uganda must develop tailored regulations under the Inland Water Transport Act, 2021, support traditional boat builders, ensure access to affordable safety gear, and empower local oversight bodies. Strengthening enforcement, enhancing weather alerts, and fostering regional cooperation will be critical to reducing drowning incidents and unlocking the full socio-economic potential of Uganda’s waterways.